Certification Introduction

Overview Certifications for individuals and organizations have played a critical role in accelerating the success story of India in the Software Engineering sector and the story is getting repeated in the BPO sector. Certifications from acclaimed bodies provide a three-fold benefit.

1. The rigor of the entire examination and evaluation process results in enormous learning and conceptual clarity for the participants.

2. The certification provides a recognition for the expertise and hence accelerates career growth.

3. The various online forums created by QAI provide a platform to ensure continued ongoing learning for the certified professionals.

Some of these certifications are mandated as an essential requirement in deployment of quality models, for specific job roles since they are recognition of a level of understanding in the function.

• The various certification programs offered are:
• Certified Software Quality Analyst (CSQA)
• Certified Software Tester (CSTE) Certified Software
• Project Manager (CSPM)
• Certified Software Process Engineer (CSPE)
• Certified Quantitative Software Process Engineer (CQSPE)
• COPC Registered Coordinator Training
• CBTL SM- 1
• CBQASM
• Six Sigma Black Belt
• Six Sigma Green Belt
• Accredited ITIL® Foundation Course
• Practitioner Certificate in ITSM

* Problem Management

* Change Management

* Service Level Management

* Service Desk & Incident Management

• Manager Certificate in IT Service Management

* IT Service Support

* IT Service Delivery

Integration Testing

Testing needed as the elements of a system are being combined.

Types: No incremental (Big-Bang) testing
Incremental testing

No incremental testing
All the elements are combined at once and tested.
It is difficult because errors cannot be easily attributed to particular elements.

Incremental testing
Elements are added and tested incrementally.
In What orders should the elements be integrated.
• Top-down
• Bottom-up
• Threads

Top-Down Strategy
The root module is tested first.
Stubs take the place of other modules called by the root module.
A new module called by one of the already integrated modules is added and tested with others.
The process continues in this manner until all modules have been integrated and tested.
Advantages:
Advantageous if major flaws occur toward the top of the program.
Early skeletal program allows partial demonstration.
Disadvantages:
Before the I/O modules are added, the representation of test cases in stubs can be difficult.
Test cases are possibly in a different form for each level and must be continuously altered.

Bottom-Up Strategy
Lower level modules are tested first using drivers.
Higher-level modules are added after all the modules they call have been added.
The process continues in this manner until all modules have been integrated and tested.
Advantages:
Advantageous if major flaws occur toward the bottom of the program.
Test conditions are easier to create.
Observation of test results is easier.
Disadvantages:
The program as an entity does not exist until the last module is added.
As system sub trees are integrated at higher levels, several modules may be brought together for the first time in one step.

Thread Strategy
A variation of top-down strategy.
Input and output modules are added as early as possible.
Choose a set of modules (the thread) that represents a normal, important case, or a critical path through the system.

Advantages:
Other threads can be integrated in parallel.
Early skeleton versions are available early.
It also improves programmers’ morale.

Reviews

Code Walk-Through

Select some test cases.
Simulate execution of the code by hand.
Guidelines:
The number of people involved should be small (3-5).
The participants should receive written documentation from the designer a few days before the meeting.
The meeting should last a predefined amount of time.
Discussion should be focused on the discovery of errors, not fixing them, nor on proposing alternative design decisions.
Key people should be
• designer, presenting the rationale of the work.
• moderator for the discussion.
• secretary for writing a report.
Managers should not participate in the meeting.

Code Inspections
Similar to the code walk-through.
The analysis is aimed at the discovery of commonly made errors.
A list of some classical programming errors:
Use of uninitialized variables.
Jumps into loops.
Incompatible assignments.
Nonterminating loops.
Array indexes out of bound.
Improper storage allocation-deallocation.
Actual-formal parameter mismatches.
Comparisons of equality for floating point values.

QTP Question & Answers

Question: How will you check that your test cases covered all the requirements
By using traceabiltymatrix. Traceability matrix means the matrix showing the relationship b/w the requirements & testcases

1. Question: When there is a task that gets repeated in multiple scripts, what do you do in QTP?
Split the action related to that task, make it Reusable & then call that Action as many times as needed.

2 Question: what is the descriptive progrmaing?.what is the use of descriptive programming?
QTP uses it's object repository to refer to objects present in your test and which have been recorded, if you wish to use objects that were not recorded and are not present in your object repository then we use descriptive programming, where QTP does not refer to object repository but the property name and value are mentioned in the code itself for QTP to use it for e.g
this is not Desc. Prog.
Browser("Mercury Tours").Page("Mercury Tours").WebEdit("username")
This is desc prog.
Browser("Title:=Mercury Tours").Page("Title:=Mercury Tours").WebEdit("Name:=Author", "Index:=3").Set "Mark Twain"

3. How to add run-time parameter to a datasheet?
Datatable..addparameter ,
example,
datatable.localsheet.addparameter "Col1","Column"

4. How to load the *.vbs or test generating script in a new machine?
You can use the any one of the following two methods:1. goto : Tools --->settings --->Resources and add the .vbs file2. in the QTP script u can write : Dim App 'As ApplicationSet App = CreateObject("QuickTest.Application")App.LaunchApp.Test.Settings.Resources.Libraries.Add("")

5. How to instruct QTP to display errors and ther description in the test results instead of halting execution by throwing error in the mid of execution due to an error(for example Object not found)?
Use Exception Handling (Recovery Scenario Manager) technique of QTP: can be achieved by any one of the following two methods: 1. Using Recovery Scenario Manager2. Scripting by using: if-else-then OR Select Case

6. how to fetch test data from Database by using QTP?
In order to fetch test data from Database we have to create a adobdb connection object to connect with data base. the syntax is .... >CreateObject("Adodb.connection").

7. Question: how many types of recording modes in QTP?describe each type with an example where we use them?
There are three types of recording modes available in Quickest Pro.1.Normal mode2.Analog mode3.Low-level recording mode Normal mode: This is the default mode of recording in QTP ,Object and the Operation associated/performed with Object can be recorded. This mode takes full advantage of Quick Test's test object model, recognizing the objects in AUT regardless of their location on the screen. Analog mode: This mode records exact mouse and keyboard operations you perform in relation to the screen / application window. This mode is useful for the operation which you can record at object level, such as drawing a picture, recording signature the steps recoded using Analog mode are saved in separate data-file, Quick tests adds to your test a Run Analog file statement that calls the recorded Analog file. This file is stored with your action in which these Analog steps are created The steps recorded in Analog mode can not be edited within Quick Test. Low-level recording mode enables you to record any object or operation in your AUT whether or not Quick Test recognizes the it. This Low-level recording is useful when the exact location of an Object/operation in your AUT is important for your test .This mode records in terms of X,Y co-ordinates .Unlike in Analog mode ,the steps can be seen in Test script, a s well in Keyword view.

8. What is the file extension of the code file & object repository file in QTP?
for object repository file the extension is .tsr for code file the extension is .vbs

9. Question: How many types of Actions are there in QTP?
QTP structured by actions.actions are subprocedures which perform certain actions on application under test.
there are 2 types of actions
regular actions(non reusable actions)
reusable actions
regular actions:regular actions are used only in the script in which they were genarated.and only once.regular actions are like winrunner script.
reusable actions:actions that can be called by other actions.either(regular or reusable).
we have two types of reusable actions
external reusable actions
internal reusable actions
external reusable actions:these actions were created in another test as internal actions .and called by the given test.
internal reusable actions:these actions were created and used in the given test with in the local scope.

10. Question: Explain the concept of object repository & how QTP recognises objects?
Object Repository: displays a tree of all objects in the current component or in the current action or entire test( depending on the object repository mode you selected). we can view or modify the test object description of any test object in the repository or to add new objects to the repository. Quicktest learns the default property values and determines in which test object class it fits.If it is not enough it adds assistive properties, one by one to the description until it has compiled the unique description.If no assistive properties are available, then it adds a special Ordianl identifier such as objects location onthe page or in the source code.

11. Question: How do you data drive an external spreadsheet?
Import from External Spreadsheet File by selecting Import then From File . Which imports a tabbed text file or a single sheet from an existing Microsoft Excel file into the table. The sheet you import replaces all data in the currently selected sheet of the table, and the first row in the Excel sheet replaces the column headers in the corresponding Data Table sheet. It is therefore essential that the first row of your Microsoft Excel sheet exactly matches the parameter names in your test.
If it is a Database instead of Spreadsheet by selecting Import then From Database. It imports data from the specified database to the current sheet

12. Question: How to handle dynamic objects in QTP?
QTP has a unique feature called Smart Object Identification/recognition. QTP generally identifies an object by matching its test object and run time object properties. QTP may fail to recognise the dynamic objects whose properties change during run time. Hence it has an option of enabling Smart Identification, wherein it can identify the objects even if their properties changes during run time. Check this out- If QuickTest is unable to find any object that matches the recorded object description, or if it finds more than one object that fits the description, then QuickTest ignores the recorded description, and uses the Smart Identification mechanism to try to identify the object. While the Smart Identification mechanism is more complex, it is more flexible, and thus, if configured logically, a Smart Identification definition can probably help QuickTest identify an object, if it is present, even when the recorded description fails. The Smart Identification mechanism uses two types of properties: Base filter properties—The most fundamental properties of a particular test object class; those whose values cannot be changed without changing the essence of the original object. For example, if a Web link's tag was changed from to any other value, you could no longer call it the same object. Optional filter properties—Other properties that can help identify objects of a particular class as they are unlikely to change on a regular basis, but which can be ignored if they are no longer applicable.

13. Question: How to handle the exceptions using recovery secnario manager in Qtp?
You can instruct QTP to recover unexpected events or errors that occured in your testing environment during test run. Recovery scenario manager provides a wizard that guides you through the defining recovery scenario. Recovery scenario has three steps 1. Triggered Events 2. Recovery steps 3. Post Recovery Test-Run
There are 4 trigger events during which a recovery scenario should be activated. They are A pop up window appears in an opened application during the test run. A property of an object changes its state or value. A step in the test does not run successfully. An open application fails during the test run. These triggers are considered as exceptions and more details regarding how to use Recovery Manager is given in the QTP User Guide. Since there is hardly any space to put up snapshots.

14. What are the Features & Benefits of Quick Test Pro(QTP)..?
Operates stand-alone, or integrated into Mercury Business Process Testing and Mercury Quality Center. Introduces next-generation “zero-configuration” Keyword Driven testing technology in QuickTest Professional 8.0 — allowing for fast test creation, easier maintenance, and more powerful data-driving capability Identifies objects with Unique Smart Object Recognition, even if they change from build to build, enabling reliable unattended script execution Collapses test documentation and test creation to a single step with Auto-documentation technology Enables thorough validation of applications through a full complement of checkpoints
1. Key word driven testing 2. Suitable for both client server and web based application 3. Vb script as the scriot language 4. Better error handling mechanism 5. Excellent data driven testing features
QTp has got so many benefits compared to Winrunner.It enables evn an inexperienced tester to work with as it is GUI based.Major advantages it has are active screen which allows user to insert cheskpoints when the application is closed,testers job is made simple with different features it has,debug viewer where in we can see wht values variables carry when the test is running,and many features made simple

15. Question: Explain in brief about the QTP Automation Object Model.
Essentially all configuration and run functionality provided via the QuickTest interface is in some way represented in the QuickTest automation object model via objects, methods, and properties. Although a one-on-one comparison cannot always be made, most dialog boxes in QuickTest have a corresponding automation object, most options in dialog boxes can be set and/or retrieved using the corresponding object property, and most menu commands and other operations have corresponding automation methods. You can use the objects, methods, and properties exposed by the QuickTest automation object model, along with standard programming elements such as loops and conditional statements to design your program

16. Question: What is a Run-Time Data Table? Where can I find and view this table?
The test results tree also includes the table-shaped icon that displays the run-time Data Table—a table that shows the values used to run a test containing Data Table parameters or the Data Table output values retrieved from a test while application test run.

17. Question: What are the different scripting languages you could use when working with QTP ?
1. VBScript 2. Jscript

18. Question: How do you test siebel application using qtp?
This answer is relevant to Siebel 7.7, and QTP 8.0. To test Siebel using QTP, you will need two components.
1. The Siebel Addin from Mercury for QTP (install this on the system with QTP on it).
2. The Test Automation Framework license keys from Siebel (install the license key on the Siebel server).
Now you will need to enable the automation API on the Siebel server. To do this,
The [SWE] section of the server .cfg file needs to be updated with the entries below
[SWE]
...
EnableAutomation = TRUE
AllowAnonUsers = TRUE
...
The Siebel server needs to be restarted after this change.
You can now test Siebel from QTP by using the Siebel Addin.

19. Question: What is the difference between check point and output value.
Check point is a verification point that compares a current value for a specified property with the expected value for that property. An outPut value is a value captured during the test run and entered in the run-time table which can be used as an input for another statement.

20. Question: What are the properties you would use for identifying a browser & page when using descriptive programming ?
"name" would be another property apart from "title" that we can use. ex: Browser("name:="xxx"").page("name:="xxxx"")..... OR We can also use the property "micClass". ex: Browser("micClass:=browser").page("micClass:=page")....

21. Question: Differentiate the two Object Repository Types of QTP.
In Qtp there are 2 object repositories, they are1.Shared Object Repository2.Per Action Mode,by default it's per action mode.we will use shared OR for calling a particular action,it's like calling external libraries.we will use per action for a particular action ie, for one action only.

22. Question: Explain the concept of how QTP identifies object.

QTP uses the Object Repository file to recognize objects on the application. When QTP runs a action, it uses the Object Repository to locate objects. It reads an object’s description in the Object Repository and then looks for an object with the same properties in the application being tested
During recording qtp looks at the object and stores it as test object.For each test object QT learns a set of default properties called mandatory properties,and look at the rest of the objects to check whether this properties are enough to uniquely identify the object. During test run,QT searches for the run time obkects that matches with the test object it learned while recording.

23. Question: What is the difference between Call to Action and Copy Action.?
Call to Action : The changes made in Call to Action , will be reflected in the orginal action( from where the script is called).But where as in Copy Action , the changes made in the script ,will not effect the original script(Action)
when u insert a call to action,they r read only in the calling test.It can be modified in the original test.where as come to copy action,you can make changes to the copied action,your changes will not effect the original action where it created.

24. Question: Explain the keyword createobject with an example.
Creates and returns a reference to an Automation object syntax: CreateObject(servername.typename [, location]) Arguments servername:Required. The name of the application providing the object. typename : Required. The type or class of the object to create. location : Optional. The name of the network server where the object is to be created.
create object creates handle to the instance of the specified object so that we program can use the methods on the specified object. It is used for implementing Automation(as defined by microsoft). ex: set oDesc= createobject(Excel.application) odesc.activeworksheet=1

25. To which environments does QTP supports ? QuickTest Professional supports functional testing of all enterprise environments, including Windows, Web, ..NET, Java/J2EE, SAP, Siebel, Oracle, PeopleSoft, Visual Basic, ActiveX, mainframe terminal emulators, and Web services.

26. Explain QTP Testing process ? The QuickTest testing process consists of 6 main phases: Create your test plan Prior to automating there should be a detailed description of the test including the exact steps to follow, data to be input, and all items to be verified by the test. The verification information should include both data validations and existence or state verifications of objects in the application. Recording a session on your application As you navigate through your application, QuickTest graphically displays each step you perform in the form of a collapsible icon-based test tree. A step is any user action that causes or makes a change in your site, such as clicking a link or image, or entering data in a form. Enhancing your test Inserting checkpoints into your test lets you search for a specific value of a page, object or text string, which helps you identify whether or not your application is functioning correctly. NOTE: Checkpoints can be added to a test as you record it or after the fact via the Active Screen. It is much easier and faster to add the checkpoints during the recording process. Broadening the scope of your test by replacing fixed values with parameters lets you check how your application performs the same operations with multiple sets of data. Adding logic and conditional statements to your test enables you to add sophisticated checks to your test. Debugging your test If changes were made to the script, you need to debug it to check that it operates smoothly and without interruption. Running your test on a new version of your application You run a test to check the behavior of your application. While running, QuickTest connects to your application and performs each step in your test. Analyzing the test results You examine the test results to pinpoint defects in your application. Reporting defects As you encounter failures in the application when analyzing test results, you will create defect reports in Defect Reporting Tool.

27. Explain the check points in QTP? A checkpoint verifies that expected information is displayed in a Application while the test is running. You can add eight types of checkpoints to your test for standard web objects using QTP. A page checkpoint checks the characteristics of a Application A text checkpoint checks that a text string is displayed in the appropriate place on a Application. An object checkpoint (Standard) checks the values of an object on a Application. An image checkpoint checks the values of an image on a Application. A table checkpoint checks information within a table on a Application An Accessiblity checkpoint checks the web page for Section 508 compliance. An XML checkpoint checks the contents of individual XML data files or XML documents that are part of your Web application. A database checkpoint checks the contents of databases accessed by your web site

28. What is Parameterizing Tests? When you test your application, you may want to check how it performs the same operations with multiple sets of data. For example, suppose you want to check how your application responds to ten separate sets of data. You could record ten separate tests, each with its own set of data. Alternatively, you can create a parameterized test that runs ten times: each time the test runs, it uses a different set of data.

Acquiring the designation of Certified Software Quality Analyst (CSQA) indicates a professional level of competence in the principles and practices of quality assurance in the IT profession.Common Body of Knowledge

This certification requires candidates to demonstrate skills in the following Categories:

1. Quality Principles and Concepts
2. Quality Leadership
3. Quality Baselines (Assessments and Models
4. Quality Assurance
5. Quality Planning
6. Define, Build, Implement and Improve Work Processes
7. Quality Control Practices
8. Metrics and Measrurement
9. Internal Control and Security
10. Outsourcing, COTS and Contracting Quality

Inherent Benefits

For the Individual

• The certification proves helpful in initiating new projects & software process improvement
  


• It helps in evaluating deployment options, including ROI, with a holistic perspective
  


• Helps in understanding the communication skills required for an interface with the management


• CSQAs contribute towards 'QA', 'QC' function, 'SEPGSM Group', and metrics based process management

For the Organization

• Enables management to distinguish CSQAs as professionals who can act as change agents for new or existing initiatives.




• Helps in weeding out inefficiencies in the system to minimize cost and increase ROI.
  


• Helps in identifying a competent workforce with the ability to drive quantified process improvement initiatives, using approaches like CMMI®, Six Sigma.
  


• In the increasingly competitive scenario of the IT industry, Quality is the only sustainable advantage for an organization or industry sector. Organizations looking for robust processes or performance management of processes (performance scorecard), require CSQAs who are crucial for the success of this journey.
  


• The CSQA examination is designed to identify an individual's capability to assist the management in improving the quality of information systems, evaluate his/her ability to apply quality assurance knowledge to practice, and provide a foundation for granting professional recognition.

Complete QTP Learning

QTP (QuickTest Professional)

Introduction to QuickTest

1.1 Over view of Quick Test Pro 8.0
QuickTest Pro is Mercury Imperative’s functional enterprise testing tool.

QuickTest Professional is a fresh approach to automated software and application testing .It is designed to provide a robust application verification solution without the need for advanced technical or programming

QuickTest Pro is similar to Astra QuickTest. The key difference lies in the number of environments that QuickTest Professional supports (e.g. ERP/CRM, Java applets and applications, multiple multimedia environments, etc.).

QuickTest Professional enables you to test standard Windows applications, Web objects, ActiveX controls, Visual Basic applications, and multimedia objects on Web pages.

We Can Use QuickTest add-ins for a number of special environments (such as Java, Oracle, SAP solutions, .NET Windows and Web Forms, Siebel, PeopleSoft, Web services, and terminal emulator applications).

Very Useful ShortCuts Keys for Windows

Windows ShortCuts

USEFUL SHORTCUT:
Start + M: Minimizes all open windows
Start + Shift + M: Maximizes All Windows
Start + E: Runs Windows Explorer
Start + R: Open the RUN Dialog Box
Start + F: Open the Search Results Dialog box
Start + CTRL + F: Opens the Search Results-Computer dialog Box (if the computer is connected to a network)
Start + Pause (Break): Opens the System Properties Dialog Box

Windows System Key Combinations:

F1: Help
CTRL + ESC: Open Start menu
ALT + TAB: Switch between open programs
ALT + F4: Quit program
SHIFT + DELETE: Delete item permanently

Windows Program Key Combinations:

CTRL + C: Copy
CTRL + X: Cut
CTRL + V: Paste
CTRL + Z: Undo
CTRL + B: Bold
CTRL + U: Underline
CTRL + I: Italic

Mouse Click/Keyboard Modifier Combinations for Shell Objects:

SHIFT + right click: Displays a shortcut menu containing alternative commands
SHIFT + double click: Runs the alternate default command (the second item on the menu)ALT + double click: Displays properties
SHIFT + DELETE: Deletes an item immediately without placing it in the Recycle Bin

General Keyboard-Only Commands:

F1: Starts Windows Help
F10: Activates menu bar options
SHIFT + F10: Opens a shortcut menu for the selected item (this is the same as right-clicking an object
CTRL + ESC: Opens the Start menu (use the ARROW keys to select an item)
CTRL + ESC or ESC: Selects the Start button (press TAB to select the taskbar, or press SHIFT+F10 for a context menu)
ALT + DOWN ARROW: Opens a drop-down list box
ALT + TAB: Switch to another running program (hold down the ALT key and then press the TAB key to view the task-switching window)
SHIFT: Press and hold down the SHIFT key while you insert a CD-ROM to bypass the automatic-run feature
ALT + SPACE: Displays the main window's System menu (from the System menu, you can restore, move, resize, minimize, maximize, or close the window)
ALT +- (ALT + hyphen): Displays the Multiple Document Interface (MDI)child window's System menu (from the MDI child window's System menu, you can restore, move, resize, minimize, maximize, or close the child window)
CTRL + TAB: Switch to the next child window of a Multiple Document Interface (MDI) programALT + underlined letter in menu: Opens the menu
ALT + F4: Closes the current window
CTRL + F4: Closes the current Multiple Document Interface (MDI) window
ALT + F6: Switch between multiple windows in the same program (for example, when the Notepad Find dialog box is displayed
ALT + F6: switches between the Find dialog box and the main Notepad window)

Shell Objects and General Folder/Windows Explorer Shortcuts For a selected object:

F2: Rename object
F3: Find all files
CTRL + X: Cut
CTRL + C: Copy
CTRL + V: Paste
SHIFT + DELETE: Delete selection immediately, without moving the item to the Recycle BinALT + ENTER: Open the properties for the selected object
To Copy a File: Press and hold down the CTRL key while you drag the file to another folder.To Create a Shortcut: Press and hold down CTRL+SHIFT while you drag a file to the desktop or a folder.

General Folder/Shortcut Control:

F4: Selects the Go To A Different Folder box and moves down the entries in the box (if the toolbar is active in Windows Explorer)
F5: Refreshes the current window.
F6: Moves among panes in Windows Explorer
CTRL + G: Opens the Go To Folder tool (in Windows 95 Windows Explorer only)
CTRL + Z: Undo the last command
CTRL + A: Select all the items in the current window
BACKSPACE: Switch to the parent folder
SHIFT + click + Close button: For folders, close the current folder plus all parent folders

Windows Explorer Tree Control:

Numeric Keypad *: Expands everything under the current selection
Numeric Keypad +: Expands the current selectionNumeric Keypad -: Collapses the current selection.
RIGHT ARROW: Expands the current selection if it is not expanded, otherwise goes to the first child
LEFT ARROW: Collapses the current selection if it is expanded, otherwise goes to the parent
Properties Control:
CTRL + TAB/CTRL + SHIFT + TAB: Move through the property tabs

Accessibility Shortcuts:

Press SHIFT five times: Toggles StickyKeys on and off
Press down and hold the right SHIFT key for eight seconds: Toggles FilterKeys on and off
Press down and hold the NUM LOCK key for five seconds: Toggles ToggleKeys on and off
Left ALT + left SHIFT+NUM LOCK: Toggles MouseKeys on and off
Left ALT + left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN: Toggles high contrast on and off

Microsoft Natural Keyboard Keys:

Windows Logo: Start menu
Windows Logo + R: Run dialog box
Windows Logo + M: Minimize all
SHIFT + Windows Logo+M: Undo minimize all
Windows Logo + F1: Help
Windows Logo + E: Windows Explorer
Windows Logo + F: Find files or folders
Windows Logo + D: Minimizes all open windows and displays the desktop
CTRL + Windows Logo + F: Find computer
CTRL + Windows Logo + TAB: Moves focus from Start, to the Quick Launch toolbar, to the system tray (use RIGHT ARROW or LEFT ARROW to move focus to items on the Quick Launch toolbar and the system tray)
Windows Logo + TAB: Cycle through taskbar buttons
Windows Logo + Break: System Properties dialog box
Application key: Displays a shortcut menu for the selected item

Microsoft Natural Keyboard with IntelliType Software Installed:

Windows Logo + L: Log off Windows
Windows Logo + P: Starts Print Manager
Windows Logo + C: Opens Control Panel
Windows Logo + V: Starts Clipboard
Windows Logo + K: Opens Keyboard Properties dialog box
Windows Logo + I: Opens Mouse Properties dialog box
Windows Logo + A: Starts Accessibility Options (if installed)
Windows Logo + SPACEBAR: Displays the list of Microsoft IntelliType shortcut keys
Windows Logo + S: Toggles CAPS LOCK on and off

Dialog Box Keyboard Commands:

TAB: Move to the next control in the dialog box
SHIFT + TAB: Move to the previous control in the dialog box
SPACEBAR: If the current control is a button, this clicks the button. If the current control is a check box, this toggles the check box. If the current control is an option, this selects the option.
ENTER: Equivalent to clicking the selected button (the button with the outline)
ESC: Equivalent to clicking the Cancel button
ALT + underlined letter in dialog box item: Move to the corresponding item